Kompleksiset adaptiiviset järjestelmät

"Kompleksisia adaptiivisia järjestelmiä ovat evoluutio, elämä, ihminen, ihmisen immuunijärjestelmä, osin myös tietokoneet ja niiden ohjelmat. Kompleksisia järjestelmiä ovat myös ja etenkin em. osista muodostuvat suuremmat systeemit, siis esim. ihmisen suuremmat organisaatiot (valtio, globaali taso, talous, teknologia) ja tietokoneverkot, internet. Periaatteessa jos osa on kompleksinen, niin em. osista muodostuva uusi kokonaisuus on vielä kompleksisempi." -Wikipedia

Wikipedia artikkelit aiheesta:

Mitkä olisivat olennaisia perusasioita aiheesta? Mikä on oleellista kirjallisuutta?

Kirjallisuus

1992, Roger Lewin. Complexity: Life at the Edge of Chaos. Macmillan.
1992, M. Mitchell Waldrop, Complexity: The Emerging Science at the Edge of Order and Chaos. Simon and Schuster.
1997, Complexity, Global Politics, and National Security by Alberts and Czerwinski (CCRP, 1997)
1998, Coping with the Bounds by Czerwinski (CCRP, 1998)
2001, R. V. Solé and B. C. Goodwin, Signs of Life: How Complexity Pervades Biology, Basic Books.
2003, Micahel R. Lissack and Johan Roos. The Next Common Sense, The e-Manager’s Guide to Mastering Complexity. Nicholas Brealey Publishing.
2003, Complexity Theory and Network Centric Warfare by James Moffat (CCRP, 2003)
2006, Complexity, Networking, and Effects Based Approaches to Operations by Edward Smith (CCRP, 2006)
2007, Francis Heylighen "Complexity and Self-Organization" in: Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences, edited by Marcia J. Bates and Mary Niles Maack (Taylor & Francis, 2008).
Taleb, N. N.: The Black Swan

Autopoiesis

Wikipedia artikkeli aiheesta:

Englanniksi

Kirjallisuus

Capra, Fritjof (1997). The Web of Life. Random House. ISBN 0-385-47676-0 —general introduction to the ideas behind autopoiesis
Dyke, Charles (1988). The Evolutionary Dynamics of Complex Systems: A Study in Biosocial Complexity. New York: Oxford University Press.
Maturana, Humberto & Varela, Francisco ([1st edition 1973] 1980). Autopoiesis and Cognition: the Realization of the Living. Robert S. Cohen and Marx W. Wartofsky (Eds.), Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 42. Dordecht: D. Reidel Publishing Co. ISBN 90-277-1015-5 (hardback), ISBN 90-277-1016-3 (paper) —the main published reference on autopoiesis
Mingers, John (1994). Self-Producing Systems. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. ISBN 0-306-44797-5 —a book on the autopoiesis concept in many different areas
Luisi, Pier L. (2003). Autopoiesis: a review and a reappraisal. Naturwissenschaften 90 49–59. —biologist view of autopoiesis
Varela, Francisco J.; Maturana, Humberto R.; & Uribe, R. (1974). Autopoiesis: the organization of living systems, its characterization and a model. Biosystems 5 187–196. —one of the original papers on the concept of autopoiesis
Luhmann, Niklas (1990). Essays on Self-Reference. Columbia University Press. —Luhmann's adaptation of autopoiesis to social systems
Winograd, Terry and Fernando Flores (1990). Understanding Computers and Cognition: A New Foundation for Design. Ablex Pub. Corp. —cognitive systems perspective on autopoiesis
Tabbi, Joseph (2002). Cognitive Fictions. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0-8166-3557-9 — draws on systems theory and cognitive science to introduce autopoiesis to literary studies
Livingston, Ira (2006). Between Science and Literature: An Introduction to Autopoetics. University of Illinois Press. —an adaptation of autopoiesis to language.
Robb, Fenton F. (1991) Accounting - A Virtual Autopoietic System? Systems Practice 4, (3) (215-235).